Exploring space

Exploring space: a chapter of The Solar System Book, with planets you watch move on their orbits and the facts behind them.

12 cards · Science

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Each Zap teaches up to 5 new cards, so you learn the deck a few at a time.

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  • Astronomer whose Sun-centred model was published in 1543

    Show answer: Astronomer whose Sun-centred model was published in 1543

    Nicolaus Copernicus

    Learn more: His book De revolutionibus put the Sun at the centre; it came out in 1543, the year he died.

  • Astronomer who discovered Jupiter's four largest moons

    Show answer: Astronomer who discovered Jupiter's four largest moons

    Galileo Galilei

    Learn more: In 1610 he saw Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto orbiting Jupiter: proof that not everything circles Earth.

  • Astronomer who discovered Uranus in 1781

    Show answer: Astronomer who discovered Uranus in 1781

    William Herschel

    Learn more: Uranus was the first planet found with a telescope. He first took it for a comet, then named it after George III.

  • Astronomer who discovered Pluto in 1930

    Show answer: Astronomer who discovered Pluto in 1930

    Clyde Tombaugh

    Learn more: He found Pluto in 1930 by comparing photographic plates. Some of his ashes flew past Pluto on New Horizons.

  • First artificial satellite to orbit Earth

    Show answer: First artificial satellite to orbit Earth

    Sputnik 1

    Learn more: A 58 cm metal ball launched on 4 October 1957, it beeped for three weeks and started the Space Race.

About this topic

For centuries people watched the sky through their eyes, then through telescopes that moved the Sun to the centre and found new planets. In the last seventy years, satellites, astronauts and probes have gone to see for themselves.

This is a chapter of The Solar System Book. Some of its cards show the planets moving around the Sun at their real relative speeds, with one planet glowing: name it. Others ask for the facts that make each world special, with a hint before you answer and a short reason after. Once you know most of this chapter's cards, the next chapter starts arriving in your Daily Zap.

All 12 cards

  1. Astronomer whose Sun-centred model was published in 1543

    Nicolaus Copernicus

    Learn more: His book De revolutionibus put the Sun at the centre; it came out in 1543, the year he died.

  2. Astronomer who discovered Jupiter's four largest moons

    Galileo Galilei

    Learn more: In 1610 he saw Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto orbiting Jupiter: proof that not everything circles Earth.

  3. Astronomer who discovered Uranus in 1781

    William Herschel

    Learn more: Uranus was the first planet found with a telescope. He first took it for a comet, then named it after George III.

  4. Astronomer who discovered Pluto in 1930

    Clyde Tombaugh

    Learn more: He found Pluto in 1930 by comparing photographic plates. Some of his ashes flew past Pluto on New Horizons.

  5. First artificial satellite to orbit Earth

    Sputnik 1

    Learn more: A 58 cm metal ball launched on 4 October 1957, it beeped for three weeks and started the Space Race.

  6. First human in space

    Yuri Gagarin

    Learn more: On 12 April 1961 he orbited Earth once in 108 minutes. The date is now the International Day of Human Space Flight.

  7. First crewed mission to land on the Moon

    Apollo 11

    Learn more: It landed in the Sea of Tranquillity on 20 July 1969. Michael Collins stayed in orbit in the command module.

  8. First person to walk on the Moon

    Neil Armstrong

    Learn more: He stepped onto the Moon in July 1969, saying 'That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind'.

  9. Year of the first crewed Moon landing

    1969

    Learn more: Apollo 11 landed on 20 July, meeting Kennedy's 1961 goal of a Moon landing before the decade was out.

  10. First spacecraft to reach interstellar space

    Voyager 1

    Learn more: It crossed the heliopause into interstellar space in 2012, and is the farthest human-made object from Earth.

  11. Spacecraft that flew past Pluto in 2015

    New Horizons

    Learn more: It flew past Pluto in July 2015 and sent the first close-up images, including its heart-shaped plain.

  12. Infrared space telescope launched in December 2021

    James Webb Space Telescope

    Learn more: It orbits about 1.5 million km from Earth, at L2, behind a sunshield the size of a tennis court.

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